Endocrine Abstracts

Background and objectivesAround 50% of the population is affected with vitamin D insufficiency worldwide. The increasing prevalence is attributed to change in lifestyle, reduced exposure to sunlight and other environment factors. Vitamin D has multiple actions in the body including calcium homeostasis and has impact on several biologic processes with several clinical implications including obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome, cancer, cardi...

Background and Objectives: The low vitamin D status in an individual leads to a compensatory increase in serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level giving rise to secondary hyperparathyroidism. The elevated PTH will conserve calcium excretion from the kidneys in the expense of excreting phosphate. Thus, serum calcium levels tend to remain normal until the latter stages of vitamin D deficiency. PTH action on the bone to reabsorb more calcium from the bone lead to elevation of bone a...

Background and Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common female reproductive endocrine disorder with a prevalence of 15-20%. Although a majority of patients diagnosed with PCOS are overweight/obese, minority can present with normal body mass index of ≤25 kg/M2 which complicate the effective diagnosis and management. We have studied the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of lean PCOS patients in comparison to obese PCOS patients atten...

Background and Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder with heterogeneous eatiology. It is characterized by irregular menses and or oligo/anovulation, hyper-androgenism, and polycystic ovaries. The prevalence and diagnosis of PCOS changes depending on which clinical criteria are utilized to confirm the diagnosis. The prevalence can be high as 15%–20% when the Rotterdam criteria are used. However, there is significant inter-individual va...

Background: Pituitary carcinoma is extremely rare and constitute only 0.1−0.2% of all pituitary tumors. Diagnosis is on evidence of metastasis, although these criteria has been challenged. Majority of pituitary carcinomas are functioning tumours, usually secreting ACTH (42%) or prolactin (33%). Common sites of metastasis include the brain, spinal cord, leptomeninges, bone, liver, lymph nodes and lung. Mean survival after detection of metastasis is around 1−2 years....

Introduction: Sri Lanka has been experiencing rapid urbanization, with ~30% of the population residing in urban areas. We report the age and sex-specific prevalence of dysglycaemia and vitamin D (VitD) status, along with the association between the two in an urban community in Sri Lanka.Methodology: Using a stratified random sampling method, 369 subjects (116 men and 253 women) aged 18 years and above, were tested for 25OH VitD3, 75 g OGTT, and HbA1c. De...

IntroductionDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health issue. Sri Lanka has the second highest diabetes prevalence at 20–79 years in South-East-Asia (1). Diabetic-radiculoplexus-neuropathy is a rare entity causing significant disability, also known as diabetic amyotrophy and Bruns-Garland syndrome, occurring due to immune mediated microvasculitis (2). Although Diabetic-lumbo-sacral-radiculoplexes-neuropathy (DLRPN) is well described, Diabetic-cervica...

BackgroundCushing’s syndrome (CS) occurs due to cortisol overproduction. Endogenous hypercortisolemia can be secondary to Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) dependent as well as independent causes (1). Early identification and prompt definitive management is crucial to minimize mortality. Successful management of CS becomes extremely challenging due to multiple associated complications, especially the thrombotic events which are even more prominent ...

Background and Objectives: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the presence of hepatic steatosis in the absence of other causes for secondary hepatic fat accumulation. The incidence and the prevalence of the NAFLD has risen exponentially in the recent past especially in the patients with diabetes. We have studied the prevalence of NAFLD in patients with diabetes attending the diabetes clinic based on the biochemical and ultrasonic criteria, the risk factors for diseas...

Background and Objectives: The prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes has risen exponentially in the recent past. Though the symptomatic patients frequently undergo testing for the diagnosis of the disease, asymptomatic individuals are not routinely subjected to diagnostic testing. Thus, data on asymptomatic people are still lacking. We have studied the prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes in asymptomatic subjects attending the Endocrinology clinic in a tertiary care insti...